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Solar Acronyms, Abbreviations & Terms

The Busy Decision-Maker’s Glossary

TECHNICAL (Solar-Specific Terms)

Term Definition
AC (Alternating Current) The type of electricity your building uses. Solar panels produce DC power, which is converted to AC by an inverter.
AHJ (Authority Having Jurisdiction) The local authority responsible for permitting and inspections.
BESS (Battery Energy Storage System) A complete battery system including batteries, controls, and safety components. Used for backup, peak shaving, and load shifting.
DC (Direct Current) The electricity generated by solar panels before conversion to AC.
DER (Distributed Energy Resource) On-site energy assets such as solar panels or battery storage.
eGauge A real-time monitoring system that tracks production, usage, and savings — allowing businesses to watch system performance.
EPC (Engineering, Procurement & Construction) A full-service delivery model where one contractor handles design, equipment sourcing, installation, and commissioning.
kW (Kilowatt) A unit of power — how much electricity is being used at a specific moment. Demand charges are based on kW.
kWh (Kilowatt-hour) A unit of energy — how much electricity is used over time. Your utility bill charges for kWh consumption.
kW = speed | kWh = distance
Microgrid A localized energy system that can operate independently from the utility grid, typically combining solar + storage.
NEM (Net Energy Metering) A billing mechanism that credits system owners for excess electricity sent back to the grid. Rules vary by state.
Peak Shaving Using batteries to reduce short periods of high power usage in order to lower demand charges.
PV (Photovoltaic) The technical term for solar panels that convert sunlight into electricity.
TOU (Time-of-Use Rates) A pricing structure where electricity costs vary depending on time of day.

CORPORATE (Financial & Strategic Terms)

Term Definition
CAPEX (Capital Expenditure) When your company purchases and owns the system. The asset appears on your balance sheet and qualifies for tax incentives.
Demand Charges A portion of a commercial electricity bill based on the highest power usage (kW) during a billing period — often a major driver of total costs.
Energy Community A federally defined area that may qualify for additional tax credit incentives under current legislation.
Federal ITC (Investment Tax Credit) A federal tax credit currently equal to 30% of eligible commercial solar project costs under federal law.
LCOE (Levelized Cost of Energy) The lifetime cost per unit of electricity produced by a system. Used to compare solar vs grid energy costs.
MACRS The IRS depreciation schedule allowing commercial solar systems to be depreciated over five years.
NOI (Net Operating Income) A key real estate metric. Lower operating expenses can increase NOI and potentially increase property value.
OPEX (Operating Expenditure) Solar structured as a service agreement (like a PPA). Payments are treated as operating expenses rather than capital assets.
PPA (Power Purchase Agreement) A third-party ownership model where you purchase electricity from the system rather than owning it.
ROI (Return on Investment) Measures financial return relative to total project cost.
Solar Offset The percentage of total facility energy usage covered by solar production.
WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) Used by finance teams to evaluate whether an investment outperforms the company’s cost of capital.
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